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1.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 45(2): 82-88, Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449701

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective It was aimed to compare visceral adiposity index (VAI) levels in patients with normal bone mineral density (BMD), osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Methods One hundred twenty postmenopausal women (40 with normal BMD, 40 with osteopenia, and 40 with osteoporosis) between the ages of 50 to 70 years were included in the study. For females, the VAI was calculated using the formula (waist circumference [WC]/[36.58 + (1.89 x body mass index (BMI))]) x (1.52/High-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol [mmol/L]) x (triglyceride [TG]/0.81 [mmol/L]). Results The time of menopause from the beginning was similar in all groups. Waist circumference was found to be higher in those with normal BMD than in the osteopenic and osteoporotic groups (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001, respectively), and it was also higher in the osteopenic group than in the osteoporotic group (p = 0.003). Height and body weight, BMI, blood pressure, insulin, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were similar in all groups. Triglyceride levels were found to be higher in the normal BMD group, compared with the osteoporotic group (p = 0.005). The level of VAI was detected as higher in those with normal BMD, compared with the women with osteoporosis (p = 0.002). Additionally, the correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) spine T-scores, WC, VAI, and a negative correlation between DXA spine T-scores and age. Conclusion In our study, we found higher VAI levels in those with normal BMD, compared with women with osteoporosis. We consider that further studies with a larger sample size will be beneficial in elucidating the entity.


Resumo Objetivo O objetivo foi comparar os níveis de índice de adiposidade visceral (IVA) em pacientes com densidade mineral óssea (DMO) normal osteopenia e osteoporose. Métodos Cento e vinte mulheres na pós-menopausa (40 com DMO normal 40 com osteopenia e 40 com osteoporose) com idades entre 50 e 70 anos foram incluídas no estudo. Para o sexo feminino o VAI foi calculado pela fórmula (circunferência da cintura [CC]/[36 58 + (1 89 x índice de massa corporal (IMC))]) x (1 52/lipoproteína de alta densidade [HDL]-colesterol [mmol/L]) x (triglicerídeo [TG]/0 81 [mmol/L]). Resultados O tempo de menopausa desde o início foi semelhante em todos os grupos. A circunferência da cintura foi maior naqueles com DMO normal do que nos grupos osteopênicos e osteoporóticos (p = 0 018 e p < 0 001 respectivamente) e também foi maior no grupo osteopênico do que no grupo osteoporótico (p = 0 003) . Altura e peso corporal IMC pressão arterial insulina glicose HDL-colesterol e os níveis de avaliação do modelo de homeostase-resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR) foram semelhantes em todos os grupos. Os níveis de triglicerídeos foram maiores no grupo DMO normal em comparação com o grupo osteoporótico (p = 0 005). O nível de VAI foi detectado como maior naquelas com DMO normal em comparação com as mulheres com osteoporose (p = 0 002). Além disso a análise de correlação mostrou uma correlação positiva entre a absorciometria de raios-X de dupla energia (DXA) nas pontuações T da coluna CC VAI e uma correlação negativa entre as pontuações T da coluna DXA e a idade. Conclusão Em nosso estudo encontramos níveis mais elevados de VAI naquelas com DMO normal em comparação com mulheres com osteoporose. Consideramos que novos estudos com maior tamanho amostral serão benéficos na elucidação da entidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Osteoporosis , Bone Diseases, Metabolic , Adiposity , Obesity
2.
São Paulo; s.n; 2023. 114 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1452182

ABSTRACT

Apesar da indiscutível relação entre consumo alimentar e obesidade, ainda há debate na literatura sobre o papel da composição da dieta no aumento da adiposidade. A análise de padrões alimentares é um método que considera a dieta de forma global e pode contribuir para decifrar essa relação entre dieta e aumento de adiposidade. Esta tese teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre padrões alimentares no baseline e marcadores de adiposidade ao longo do tempo. Estudo longitudinal que analisou dados do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil), realizado com indivíduos de 35 a 74 anos de idade (N=15.105). Os dados de consumo alimentar, obtidos no baseline por meio de Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA), foram avaliados por três diferentes métodos de análise de padrões alimentares: 1) análise fatorial (AF), 2) treelet transform (TT) e 3) reduced rank regression (RRR). As associações foram avaliadas por meio de modelos lineares de efeitos mistos. Foi identificado um padrão conveniência marcado pelo consumo de doces e sobremesas, lanches, carne vermelha e processada, e refrigerantes comum aos três métodos aplicados. Além disso, os métodos de AF e TT identificaram um padrão marcado pelo consumo de cereais, frutas, vegetais, peixe e suco de frutas em comum. Adicionalmente o método de AF identificou um padrão tradicional brasileiro marcado pelo consumo de arroz, feijão e carne vermelha, enquanto o método TT identificou um padrão marcado pelo alto consumo de arroz e feijão e baixo consumo de carne vermelha e dos grupos alimentares presentes no padrão conveniência. Neste estudo, o tempo médio de follow-up foi de 8,2 anos. Maior adesão ao padrão conveniência, independente do método, foi consistente e significativamente associado com as medidas longitudinais de adiposidade. Maior adesão ao padrão tradicional brasileiro foi associado com aumento de percentual de gordura e índice de massa de gordura ao longo do tempo. Enquanto maior adesão ao padrão marcado pelo alto consumo de arroz e feijão e baixo consumo de carne vermelha foi consistentemente associado com redução dos marcadores de adiposidade ao longo do tempo. Por fim, maior adesão ao padrão prudente identificado pelo método de AF foi associado com redução em todos os marcadores de adiposidade, exceto peso corporal e o mesmo padrão identificado pelo método TT foi associado apenas com aumento de peso corporal ao longo do tempo de follow-up. O padrão alimentar derivado pelo método RRR explicando os valores séricos de aminoácido de cadeia ramificada, foi caracterizado pelo alto consumo de arroz, feijão, carnes vermelha, de frango e processada, refrigerantes, lanches e pasta e simultaneamente caracterizado pelo baixo consumo de cereais e leite. Maior adesão a este padrão alimentar foi consistentemente associado com aumento da adiposidade ao longo do período de follow-up. A aplicação de três métodos de análise de padrão alimentar permitiu identificar nuances na composição da dieta que podem explicar o aumento de adiposidade na população.


Despite the well-known relationship between diet and obesity, there is still some debate on how the diet composition influences the adiposity gain. Dietary pattern analysis emerges as an approach to evaluate the diet in a holistic way, considering the interaction between food groups and contributing to disentangle this relation between diet and adiposity. This thesis aimed to investigate the association between baseline dietary patterns and adiposity markers over the follow-up period. Methods: Longitudinal study embedded in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multicenter national cohort that recruited individuals aged 35 to 74 years old (N=15,105). Dietary consumption data was assessed at baseline by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the study populations dietary patterns were identified using three different statistical methods: 1) factor analysis (FA), 2) treelet transform (TT), 3) reduced rank regression (RRR). The associations between baseline dietary patterns and adiposity were computed using linear mixed-models. Applying tree different methods to identify dietary patterns, we found a common dietary pattern characterised by the consumption of sweets and desserts, snacks, red meat, processed meat, and soft drinks, labelled as convenience. Additionally, the FA and TT identified a similar dietary pattern characterised by cereals, fruits, vegetables, fish, and fruit juice, labelled as prudent. FA also identified a dietary pattern characterized by rice, beans, and red meat, representing a traditional Brazilian meal, while TT analysis identified a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of rice and beans and low consumption of red meat and other groups present in the convenience dietary pattern, labelled as rice and beans. This study had a mean follow-up time of 8.2 years. A convenience dietary pattern was associated with higher adiposity measures over time. The Brazilian traditional dietary pattern was associated with lower weight over the follow-up, however for the body composition measures, this dietary pattern was associated with higher body fat percentage and fat mass index over the follow-up period. The rice and beans dietary pattern, characterized by high consumption of rice and beans combined with low consumption of red meat, was associated with lower levels of adiposity indicators. Lastly, the prudent dietary pattern identified by FA was associated with lower levels of adiposity indicators, except for weight. The same dietary pattern identified by TT analysis was associated with higher weight over the follow-up period. The RRR-dietary pattern explaining the circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids was characterized by high consumption of rice, beans, red and processed meat, poultry, soft drinks, snacks, pasta, and low consumption of cereals and milk. This RRR-dietary pattern was associated with higher adiposity for all indicators over the follow-up period. Applying tree different statistical methods to identify dietary patterns in the same population allowed us to find some nuances in the diet composition and further insights on how the dietary patterns of a population from Brazil may explain the changes on adiposity levels over time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Longitudinal Studies , Eating , Nutritional Epidemiology , Adiposity , Feeding Behavior
3.
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine ; (12): 86-90, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-969848

ABSTRACT

With the increasing rate of overweight and obesity in children worldwide, adiposity rebound(AR)closely related to obesity has become the spotlight, and early AR phase has a broad impact on pubertal development in girls, but the specific mechanism of action isn't very clear.This paper is review of the prevalence of early AR at home and abroad, and its influencing factors, the impact of AR on the adolescent development of girls and related mechanisms, to identify high-risk individuals with early AR, early AR to identify early adolescent development, and take early intervention measures to promote children's health.


Subject(s)
Female , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Adiposity , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Adolescent Development , Body Mass Index , Overweight/epidemiology
4.
Actual. osteol ; 18(2): 75-81, oct. 2022. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1437673

ABSTRACT

Para la evaluación longitudinal de la composición corporal por DXA se deben calcular los cambios mínimos significativos (CMS). No está claro si hay diferencias de género para los CMS de adultos. Con consentimiento informado se realizaron 2 escaneos DXA de cuerpo completo consecutivos, con reposicionamiento entre ellos, en 40 varones y 40 mujeres (rango de edad de 22 a 85 años), con un equipo GE Lunar Prodigy Advance®, siguiendo las pautas de la International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD). Todos los escaneos fueron obtenidos por la misma técnica experta. Los CMS se calcularon de acuerdo con el método propuesto por la ISCD. Los resultados se analizaron con GraphPad® para Windows 6.0, con una significancia fijada en p < 0,05. No hubo diferencias de género para la edad (p = 0,846) o el índice de masa corporal (p = 0,802). La altura, la masa corporal, la masa magra y el contenido mineral óseo (CMO) fueron mayores en los varones (todos p < 0,0001), mientras que la masa grasa fue mayor en las mujeres (p = 0,0036). No hubo diferencias significativas entre géneros para los coeficientes de variación de masa grasa (p = 0,0698), masa magra (p = 0,1483) o CMO (p = 0,5254). Los CMS (para IC de 95%) para la masa grasa fueron 1,780 kg (varones), 1,671 kg (mujeres) y 1,727 kg (ambos sexos); para masa magra, 1,658 kg (varones), 1,644 kg (mujeres) y 1,651 (ambos sexos); y para CMO, 112,2 g (varones), 109,4 (mujeres) y 110,8 g (ambos sexos). Los resultados sugieren que los CMS para la composición corporal de su-jetos adultos pueden calcularse a partir de una muestra de cualquier género o una que incluya sujetos de ambos sexos. (AU)


Lack of gender-related differences in least significant changes for DXA body composition analysis in adult subjectsFor longitudinal assessment of body composition by DXA, least significant changes (LSCs) should be calculated. It is unclear if there are gender differences for adult LSCs. With informed consent, 2 consecutive total-body DXA scans, with repositioning between them, were performed on 40 males and 40 females (age range 22 to 85 years) with a GE Lunar Prodigy Advance scanner, following the guidelines of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD). All scans were obtained by the same skilled technologist. The LSCs were calculated according to the method proposed by the ISCD. Results were analyzed with GraphPad for Windows 6.0, with significance set at p < 0.05. There were no gender differences for age (p = 0.846) or body mass index (p = 0.802). Height, body mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content (BMC) were higher in males (all p < 0.0001), whereas fat mass was higher in females (p = 0.0036). There was no significant difference between genders for the coefficients of variation of fat mass (p = 0.0698), lean mass (p = 0.1483), or BMC (p = 0.5254). The LSCs (for a 95% CI) for fat mass were 1.780 kg (men), 1.671 kg (women), and 1.727 kg (both genders); for lean mass, 1.658 kg (men), 1.644 kg (women) and 1,651 (both genders); and for BMC, 112.2 g (men), 109.4 (women), and 110.8 g (both genders). These results suggest that LSCs for body composition of adult subjects can be calculated from either a sample of each gender or one that includes subjects of both genders. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Body Composition , Absorptiometry, Photon , Bone Density , Sex Factors , Reference Values , Body Height , Body Weight , Body Mass Index , Anthropometry , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Age Factors , Adiposity
5.
Rev. med. Chile ; 150(9): 1152-1161, sept. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431892

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with metabolic diseases and adiposity markers. Aim: To assess the association of CRF with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and obesity in a representative sample of the Chilean population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 5,958 participants in the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-1027 aged 15 years or above were analyzed. CRF was estimated by an equation that included sociodemographic, anthropometric and health-related data and expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METs). The association between CRF and adiposity was assessed using linear and Poisson regression models and the results were presented as Prevalence Ratio (PR). RESULTS: One MET increment in CRF was associated with a 3.27 kg/m2 (95% confidence intervals (CI): -3.35; -3.2) and 4.56 kg/m2 (95% CI: -4.67; -4.46) lower BMI in men and women, respectively. Waist circumference was 6.7 cm [95% CI: -6.98; -6.42] and 9 cm [95% CI: -9.33; -8.67] lower per 1-MET increment in CRF. With one MET increment, the probability of being obese was 34% (PR = 0.66 [95%CI: 0.63; 0.69]) and 36% (PR = 0.64 [95%CI: 0.61; 0.67]) lower in men and women, respectively. The probability of having a central obesity was 26% (PR = 0.74 [95%CI: 0.71; 0.77]) and 30% (PR = 0.70 [95%CI: 0.68; 0.73]) lower in men and women, respectively. Conclusions: A higher estimated CRF was associated with lower adiposity levels and a lower risk of being obese in both men and women. Public health policies aiming to increase physical activity are needed to increase the CRF of the Chilean population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adiposity , Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Body Mass Index , Physical Fitness , Waist Circumference , Obesity, Abdominal , Obesity/epidemiology
6.
Diagn. tratamento ; 27(2): 48-54, abr-jun. 2022. tab, ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369112

ABSTRACT

Excesso de peso e obesidade têm aumentado no Brasil e no mundo causando grande impacto na saúde pública. O objetivo foi medir a associação do nível de atividade física, o comportamento sedentário e o tempo de sono com a composição corporal de escolares. Uma amostra por conveniência foi composta por 97 escolares participantes do Projeto Misto-Longitudinal de Crescimento, Desenvolvimento de Ilhabela, aparentemente saudáveis, 50 meninos e 47 meninas entre 9 e 11 anos (x 9,8 ± 0,7), com avaliação completa no período analisado (2015 e 2019) em estágio pré-púbere de maturação sexual. Variáveis analisadas: peso (kg); índice de massa corporal (kg/m2); adiposidade pela média de três dobras cutâneas: tríceps, subescapular e suprailíaca (mm); relação cintura quadril (cm). Nível de atividade física, comportamento sedentário e tempo de sono mensurados por acelerômetro (ActiGraph GT3X, analisado com Freedson 1998) dados em counts por minuto. Dados descritos em média (x) e desvio padrão. Normalidade dos dados obtida com o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e para as associações utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman Rho (SPSS-20.0). Nível de significância adotado P < 0,05. Houve associações significativas entre comportamento sedentário, atividades físicas leve, moderada/vigorosa e as variáveis da composição corporal. Nas meninas, as associações entre o comportamento sedentário e as variáveis da composição corporal foram de maior número e intensidade nas correlações encontradas. Verificamos que meninos realizaram atividade física leve apresentando menores valores na composição corporal. As meninas realizaram pouca atividade física de moderada a vigorosa necessitando aumento desta variável para diminuir adiposidade. O tempo de sono não apresentou associação significativa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adiposity , Life Style , Body Composition , Exercise , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sedentary Behavior , Sleep Quality
7.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 30(1): [1-24], jan.-mar. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1373455

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida associados ao excesso de adiposidade periférica, central e geral em adolescentes. Método: estudo transversal, realizado na cidade de São José/Santa Catarina, Brasil, com 1.132 adolescentes (14-19 anos). As variáveis dependentes foram adiposidade periférica (dobra cutânea [DC] do tríceps), central (DC subescapular) e geral (presença de adiposidade periférica e central), classificadas pelo percentil 90 do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. As variáveis independentes foram nível econômico, atividade física (AF) e hábitos alimentares, obtidos por meio de questionários. A maturação sexual foi avaliada segundo critérios de Tanner. Resultados: o excesso de adiposidade periférica, central e geral, foi de 11,1%, 10,3% e 7,1%, respectivamente, para adolescentes do sexo masculino e, 13,1%,14,7% e 9,8%, respectivamente, para adolescentes do sexo feminino. Os adolescentes do sexo masculino com baixos níveis de AF apresentaram maiores chances de excesso de adiposidade periférica (OR:2,32; IC95%: 1,09-5,37). As adolescentes do sexo feminino, no estágio maturacional pós-púbere apresentaram maiores chances de excesso de adiposidade central (OR:3,80; IC95%:2,25-6,41) e geral (OR:3,31; IC95%:1,79-6,10), e aquelas que estudavam no período noturno apresentaram menores chances de ter excesso de adiposidade central (OR:0,35; IC95%:0,18-0,71) e geral (OR:0,43; IC95%:0,19-0,95). Conclusão: o excesso de adiposidade se fez presente, sendo que o baixo nível de AF para os adolescentes do sexo masculino, o estágio maturacional póspúbere e o turno de estudo diurno foram fatores associados ao excesso de adiposidade para as adolescentes do sexo feminino. (AU)


Objective: to estimate the prevalence and to analyze sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with excess peripheral, central and general adiposity in adolescents. Method: a cross-sectional study, conducted in the city of São José/Santa Catarina, Brazil, with 1,132 adolescents (14-19 years old). The dependent variables were peripheral adiposity (tríceps skinfold), central (subscapular skinfold) and general (presence of peripheral and central adiposity), classified from the 90th percentile of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention curve. The independent variables were economic level, physical activity (PA) and eating habits, obtained through questionnaires. The sexual maturation was evaluated according to Tanner criteria. Results: the excess of central and general peripheral adiposity was 11.1%, 10.3% and 7.1%, respectively, for male adolescents and 13.1%, 14.7% and 9.8%, respectively, for adolescent females. Males with low PA l evels presented higher odds of excess peripheral adiposity (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.09-5.37). The female adolescents in the post-pubertal maturational stage presented higher odds of excess central adiposity (OR: 3.80; 95% CI: 2.25-6.41) and general adiposity (OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.79-6.10), and those who studied at night had a lower chance of having excess central adiposity (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18-0.71) and general adiposity (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95). Conclusion: the excess of adiposity was present and that the low level of PA for the male adolescents, the post-pubertal maturational stage and the daytime shift were factors associated with excess adiposity for female adolescents. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Skinfold Thickness , Body Composition , Anthropometry , Nutritional Status , Adolescent , Adiposity , Quality of Life , Sexual Maturation , Exercise , Minors , Feeding Behavior , Obesity
8.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(1): 33-45, Jan-Abr. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362669

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre o perfil de adesão e barreiras percebidas por estudantes universitários para permanência no Programa de Extensão "Yoga: Awaken ONE". Métodos: Foram realizados dois cortes transversais com universitários da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. O primeiro foi composto por 16 indivíduos e investigou o perfil demográfico, socioeconômico, antropométrico, da aptidão física e da qualidade de vida dos universitários que ingressaram no Programa de Extensão. O segundo visou identificar as barreiras para permanência de 13 estudantes (dentre os 16 iniciais) que haviam se afastado do Programa após quatro meses do início. Resultados: Houve predominância de indivíduos do sexo feminino, dos cursos de graduação em Educação Física e Pedagogia e da classe socioeconômica C. A maioria dos participantes estava com indicadores adequados de gordura corporal. Observou-se grande proporção de indivíduos com indicadores baixos de flexibilidade e força muscular. Para a qualidade de vida, a menor mediana foi observada para o domínio meio ambiente e a maior para o domínio relações sociais. As principais barreiras percebidas para a prática de yoga pelos universitários foram "jornada de estudos extensa" e "jornada de trabalho extensa". Observou-se correlação do perfil sociodemográfico, indicadores de obesidade, variáveis hemodinâmicas, flexibilidade, força muscular e qualidade de vida com barreiras percebidas para permanência no Programa de Extensão universitária "Yoga: Awaken ONE". Conclusões: Estes achados sugerem que o perfil do público universitário pode ser determinante para a permanência ou evasão de programas de promoção de exercícios físicos e precisa ser considerado em propostas de programas de extensão universitária.


Objective: Investigate the relationship between the member adherence profile and barriers perceived by university students to remain in the "Yoga: Awaken ONE" Extension Program. Methods: Two cross-sections were carried out with university students from the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia. The first was composed of 16 individuals and investigated the demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, physical fitness, and quality of life profile of university students joining the Extension Program. The second aimed at identifying the barriers to remain in the program faced by 13 students (out of the initial 16) who had withdrawn from the Program four months after the beginning. Results: There was a predominance of female individuals, from undergraduate courses in Physical Education and Pedagogy, and from the C socioeconomic class. Most participants had adequate body fat indexes. There was a large proportion of individuals with low flexibility and muscle strength. For quality of life, the lowest median was observed for the environment domain, while the highest could be noted for the social relationship domain. The main barriers perceived for the practice of yoga by university students were "long study hours" and "long work hours". There was a correlation between sociodemographic profile, obesity indicators, hemodynamic variables, flexibility, muscle strength, and QOL with the perceived barriers to stay in the "Yoga: Awaken ONE" university extension program. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the profile of the university audience can be a determinant for the permanence or dropout of programs that promote physical exercise and therefore, it should be taken into consideration in proposals for university extension programs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students , Universities/organization & administration , Yoga , Program Evaluation , Quality of Life/psychology , Work Hours , Exercise , Body Mass Index , Adipose Tissue , Student Health , Health Status Indicators , Range of Motion, Articular , Abdominal Fat , Adiposity , Muscle Strength , Arterial Pressure , Obesity/prevention & control
9.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 66(1): 3-11, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364308

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Our aim was to analyze levels of proinflammatory biomarker interleukin-18 (IL-18) in healthy controls and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) focusing on its association with obesity, clinical, hormonal, and metabolic characteristics. Subjects and methods: Fifty-eight patients with PCOS were enrolled in the study fulfilling the Rotterdam criteria and were matched for age, body mass index (BMI), and ethnicity with 30 healthy controls. Detailed anthropometric measurements, clinical investigations, hormonal and biochemical tests were obtained between the 3rd and 5th day of a menstrual cycle. A subanalysis of the PCOS group was performed separating patients into several groups according to a waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), insulin resistance (IR), and free androgen index (FAI). Serum IL-18 levels were measured using the ELISA method. Results: Levels of IL-18 were similar between PCOS patients and controls. IL-18 was higher in overweight/obese women compared to normal-weight women when analyzing all participants together and separately PCOS or controls group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.01, respectively). Additionally, IL-18 levels were higher in high-WHtR and IR subgroups compared to low-WHtR (p < 0.001) and non-IR PCOS women (p < 0.001). PCOS women with high FAI had greater serum IL-18 levels than normal-FAI patients (p = 0.002). Levels of IL-18 correlated positively with most of the anthropometric and metabolic parameters. In multiple linear regression, age, waist circumference, and fasting insulin were independently related factors with IL-18. Conclusion: Elevated levels of IL-18 were related to several indices of general and visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in PCOS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Insulin Resistance , Interleukin-18 , Body Mass Index , Adiposity , Waist Circumference , Insulin
10.
São Paulo; s.n; 2022. 166 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1538401

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Um mecanismo epigenético pelo qual os efeitos adversos do ambiente intra-uterino são transferidos aos descendentes é a metilação do DNA. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre obesidade materna, ganho de peso gestacional (GPG) e alteração da metilação do DNA sobre o desenvolvimento fetal e neonatal. Metodologia: Subpopulação de gestantes do estudo epidemiológico prospectivo "Coorte Araraquara" foram acompanhadas durante os três trimestres da gestação, parto e no pós-parto. Para avaliar o impacto do GPG na metilação do DNA e desenvolvimento fetal e neonatal, as gestantes foram alocadas em 2 grupos: ganho de peso gestacional adequado (n=45) e ganho de peso gestacional excessivo (n=30). Para avaliar o impacto da obesidade materna na metilação do DNA e desenvolvimento fetal e neonatal, as gestantes foram alocadas em 2 grupos: A. IMC pré-gestacional adequado (n=25) e B. IMC pré-gestacional sobrepeso/obesidade (n=39 gestantes). A biometria e composição corporal fetal foram avaliadas por ultrassom Siemens ACUSON X300TM (Siemens®, Mountain View, CA, USA) e a composição corporal do neonato por pletismografia, com o PEA POD (Cosmed®, Concord, CA, USA). A dieta materna ao final da gestação foi investigada por recordatórios de 24 horas e analisada no software Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR, Minnesota, USA). O DNA dos sangues materno e cordão umbilical, da vilosidade e decídua placentárias foram extraídos utilizando proteinase K pelo método santing-out. As regiões hipo e hipermetiladas foram analisados pela técnica de Digestão Enzimática Sensível à Metilação associada à PCR quantitativa (qPCR) e a expressão gênica por qPCR. Para análise da influência do GPG o DNA do sangue materno de gestantes com GPG adequado (N=8) versus com GPG excessivo (N=8), foi hibridizado na plataforma Illumina com o Human Methylation 850K Bead Chip (Illumina, CA, USA). Para análise estatística aplicou-se o Teste t, Qui-quadrado (X2), ANOVA de medidas repetidas e modelos de regressão linear múltiplo e o nível de significância adotado foi de p≤0,05. Resultados: O excessivo ganho de peso gestacional (EGPG) alterou os triglicerídeos (TGs) e colesterol total (CT) maternos, o diâmetro occipito-frontal (DOF) do feto, a circunferência da cabeça, perímetro torácico, peso e a massa gorda neonatais. A análise de metilação global do DNA materno identificou 46 posições diferencialmente metiladas e 11 regiões diferencialmente metiladas (DMRs). Nove fenótipos humanos foram enriquecidos para essas 11 DMRs localizadas em 13 genes (EMILIN1, HOXA5, CPT1B, CLDN9, ZFP57, BRCA1, POU5F1, ANKRD33, HLA-B, RANBP17, ZMYND11, DIP2C, TMEM232), destacando-se os termos resistência à insulina e hiperglicemia. O DNAm materno foi associado com parâmetros de composição corporal, como: tecido total da coxa e do braço fetais e gordura subcutânea da coxa e do braço fetais, bem como ao percentual de massa gorda e massa gorda neonatais. A metilação do DNA materno também foi associada com os TGs e a insulina de jejum maternos, com circunferência abdominal e circunferência da cabeça fetais (CC) e CC neonatal. As DMRs estudadas foram enriquecidas em 142 processos biológicos, 21 funções moleculares e 17 componentes celulares. Três módulos gênicos diferencialmente metilados foram identificados. Por outro lado, o IMC pré-gestacional sopreso/obesidade alterou os percentis do diâmetro biparietal (DBF), o DOF, a CC, a espessura da gordura subcutânea do abdômen (ETSA), tecido total do braço, massa muscular do braço e gordura subcutânea do braço fetais e a CC do neonato. O gene H19DMR foi significativamente menos metilado no sangue materno do grupo com sobrepeso/obesidade em comparação ao grupo com IMC pré-gestacional adequado, para o sangue do cordão umbilical e tecidos placentários, não houve diferença de metilação entre os grupos, bem como não houve diferença de expressão gênica dos genes H19 e IGF2 nos tecidos placentários entre os grupos. Houve associações entre metilação de H19DMR no sangue do cordão umbilical com os percentis do DBP, com a ETSA e a CC neonatais; na decídua com o DOF, a CC e comprimento fetais; no vilo com o DOF, a CC e a ETSA fetais e com a CC neonatal. A expressão do gene H19 na decídua também foi associada ao DBP e ao percentil do comprimento do fêmur fetais; no vilo com o DOF e gordura subcutânea do braço fetais. A expressão do gene IGF2 na decídua foi associada com o DBP fetal e no vilo com o DOF fetal. Conclusão: A metilação do DNA foi alterada pelo ganho de peso gestacional e obesidade maternos e se associou com a adiposidade e crescimento fetais. O excessivo GPG alterou o metiloma materno e está envolvido com um fenótipo de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas e metabólicas, a exemplo da diabetes.


Introduction: An epigenetic mechanism by which the adverse effects of the intrauterine environment are transferred to offspring is DNA methylation. Objective: Evaluate the relationship between maternal obesity, gestational weight gain and DNA methylation alteration on fetal and neonatal development. Methodology: Subpopulation of pregnant women from the prospective epidemiological study "Cohorte Araraquara" were followed during the three trimesters of pregnancy, delivery and postpartum and were allocated into 2 groups: A. adequate weight (N=25) and B. overweight/obesity (N=39 pregnant women). Fetal biometry and adiposity were evaluated by ultrasound and the neonate's body composition by plethysmography, with the PEA POD (Cosmed®, Concord, CA, USA). Maternal diet in the end of pregnancy was investigated using 24-hour recalls and analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research software (NDSR, Minnesota, USA). DNA maternal and umbilical cord blood, and placental villus and decidua were extracted using proteinase K by the santing-out method. The hypo and hypermethylated regions were analyzed by the Methylation Sensitive Enzymatic Digestion technique associated with quantitative PCR (qPCR) and gene expression by qPCR. To analyze the influence of gestational weight gain (GWG), maternal blood DNA from pregnant women with adequate AGWG (N=8) versus excessive EGWG (N=8) was hybridized on the Human Methylation 850K Bead Chip (Illumina, CA). For statistical analysis, the t test, chi-square (X2) test, repeated measures ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were applied, and the significance level adopted was p≤0.05. Results: The pre-gestational weight, pre-gestational BMI and BMI during pregnancy were higher in group B. In this same group, higher values of fasting insulin, us-CRP and lipid consumption were found in relation to group A. subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness (SCFT) and subcutaneous fat of the fetal arm was also higher in group B compared to group A. Regarding the body composition of neonates, the amount of fat mass was higher in group B. The H19DMR gene was less methylated in maternal blood from group B. No statistical difference was found in the values of IGF2 and H19 gene expression between the groups. There were associations between methylation of the H19DMR gene in umbilical cord blood with fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and SCFT and neonatal head circumference (HC); in the decidua with occipito frontal diameter (OFD), fetal length and HC; in the villi with DOF, HC and SCFT and neonatal HC. Excessive gestational weight gain altered 46 CpG sites, 11 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) located in 13 genes, namely: EMILIN1, HOXA5, CPT1B, CLDN9, ZFP57, BRCA1, POU5F1, ANKRD33, HLA-B, RANBP17, ZMYND11, DIP2C, TMEM232. These DMRs were enriched in 142 biological processes, 21 molecular functions, 17 cellular components and 9 human phenotypes. In addition, 3 differentially methylated gene modules were identified to the phenotype of interest. Conclusion: DNA methylation was altered by maternal nutritional status and was associated with fetal adiposity and growth. Excessive GPG altered maternal methylome and was associated with the phenotype of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta , DNA Methylation , Adiposity , Gestational Weight Gain , Obesity, Maternal , Chronic Disease
11.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e20222, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403708

ABSTRACT

Abstract The present study aims to investigate the impacts of cigarette smoking (CS) and water-pipe smoking (WPS) on the visceral adiposity index (VAI), hematological characteristics, and glycemic tolerance in Iraqi healthy smokers. A total of 528 healthy males from different locations of Baghdad city were allocated to three groups; nonsmokers (176), cigarette smokers (178), and WP smokers (174). Baseline characteristics, anthropometric and hematological markers and were reported. Glycemic control was evaluated using the glucose tolerance test. The evidence of elevated VAI, disrupted hematological markers, and impaired glucose tolerance was significantly (P<0.001) different compared with non-smokers and related to the duration of smoking. The impacts of WPS seem to be significantly greater than CS in certain parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, methemoglobin, and 2-hour glucose tolerance values). In conclusion, CS and WPS negatively impacted body fat distribution, glucose tolerance, and hematological markers. There is a positive association between the rate of smoking and obesity, glycemic intolerance in both groups


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Association , Tobacco Use Disorder/complications , Body Fat Distribution , Adiposity , Water Pipe Smoking/adverse effects , Glycemic Control/instrumentation , Hemoglobins/analysis , Smokers , Glucose Tolerance Test/instrumentation , Iraq/ethnology
12.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 38(6): e00144521, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374850

ABSTRACT

Epidemiological studies have supported the hypothesis that dietary calcium intake is protective for adiposity. This study aimed to estimate the association of dietary calcium with adiposity indicators during adolescence. This is a cohort study with high school adolescents (n = 962) from selected schools of the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which were followed from 2010 to 2012. Calcium intake was assessed by a validated self-reported food frequency questionnaire. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of dietary calcium intake were performed regarding body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (%BF), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). The analysis of variance was used for cross-sectional analysis with baseline data and linear mixed models applied to assess changes across the follow-up. At baseline, BMI, %BF, fat mass, and FMI (p for trend < 0.05) had lower means at the highest quintile of calcium intake whereas FFM and FFMI had higher means (p for trend < 0.05), especially for boys. During follow-up, boys had decreased FMI at the 4th and 5th quintiles of calcium intake (p < 0.05); among girls, only WC was significantly lower at the 4th quintile than in the 1st. These results support the hypothesis that low calcium intake increases adiposity among adolescents.


Estudos epidemiológicos têm sustentado a hipótese que a ingestão de cálcio na dieta pode proteger contra a adiposidade. O estudo teve como objetivo estimar a associação entre ingestão de cálcio e indicadores de adiposidade durante a adolescência. O estudo de coorte analisou adolescentes do Ensino Médio (n = 962) de escolas selecionadas na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil acompanhados entre 2010 e 2012. A ingestão de cálcio foi avaliada com um questionário validado de autorrelato de frequência alimentar. Foram realizadas análises transversais e longitudinais de ingestão de cálcio em relação ao índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), massa gorda (MG), massa magra (MM), índice de massa gorda (IMG) e índice de massa magra (IMM). A análise transversal usou ANOVA com dados da linha de base, e modelos mistos lineares foram aplicados para avaliar as mudanças ao longo do seguimento. Na linha de base, foram observados valores médios mais baixos para IMC, %GC, MG e IMG (p para tendência < 0,05) no quintil mais alto de ingestão de cálcio, em que foram estimados valores médios mais altos de massa magra e índice de massa magra (p para tendência < 0,05), principalmente em meninos. Durante o seguimento, os meninos mostraram uma redução no IMG no quarto e quinto quintis de ingestão de cálcio comparado com o primeiro quintil (p < 0,05), enquanto nas meninas, apenas a CC foi significativamente mais baixa no quarto quintil de ingestão de cálcio comparado com o primeiro quintil. Os resultados corroboram a hipótese do papel da baixa ingestão de cálcio no aumento da adiposidade em adolescentes.


Los estudios epidemiológicos han apoyado la hipótesis de que la ingesta de calcio en la dieta puede ser protectora de la adiposidad. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la asociación del calcio dietético con los indicadores de adiposidad durante la adolescencia. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte con adolescentes de secundaria (n = 962) de escuelas seleccionadas del Área Metropolitana de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, que fueron seguidas desde 2010 hasta 2012. La ingesta de calcio se evaluó mediante un cuestionario validado de frecuencia de alimentos autoinformado. Se realizaron análisis transversales y longitudinales de la ingesta de calcio en la dieta en relación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC), la masa grasa (MG), la masa libre de grasa (MLG), el índice de masa grasa (IMG) y el índice de masa libre de grasa (IMLG). Se utilizó el ANOVA para el análisis transversal, utilizando los datos de referencia y se aplicaron modelos lineales mixtos para evaluar los cambios a lo largo del seguimiento. En la línea de base, se observaron medias más bajas de IMC, %GC, MG e IMLG (p para tendencia < 0,05) en el quintil más alto de ingesta de calcio, para el que se estimaron medias más altas de MLG y IMLG (p para tendencia < 0,05), especialmente para los chicos. Durante el seguimiento, los chicos presentaron una reducción del IMLG en el 4º y 5º quintiles de ingesta de calcio (p < 0,05), mientras que entre las chicas, sólo la CC fue significativamente menor en el 4º quintil de ingesta de calcio en comparación con el 1º. Estos resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que la baja ingesta de calcio puede tener un papel en el aumento de la adiposidad entre los adolescentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Calcium, Dietary , Adiposity , Body Composition , Brazil/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Calcium , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Obesity
13.
São Paulo; s.n; 2022. 208 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1397532

ABSTRACT

Introdução - A relação entre tipo de parto e crescimento infantil, composição corporal e desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor tem sido estudada nos últimos anos, mostrando controvérsias quanto a relação do tipo de parto e os desfechos investigados. Objetivo - Investigar a relação entre o parto cesárea e crescimento, composição corporal e desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças até um ano de vida. Objetivos específicos, descritos nos artigos desta tese, foram: I) relacionar o tipo de parto com o crescimento da criança no primeiro ano de vida; II) relacionar o tipo de parto com a composição corporal da criança no primeiro ano de vida; III) relacionar o tipo de parto com o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor da criança no primeiro ano de vida. Métodos - Crianças nascidas na Maternidade Municipal foram acompanhadas até o primeiro ano de vida, provenientes do estudo do tipo coorte prospectivo Estudo Coorte Araraquara, em desenvolvimento no município de Araraquara, SP. Para avaliação do crescimento, ao nascimento foram utilizadas as curvas do Intergrowth e no primeiro ano de vida da criança a velocidade de ganho de peso (VGP) e velocidade de ganho de comprimento (VGC) e para avaliação da composição corporal ao nascimento foi utilizada a pletismografia, para as demais faixas etárias foi utilizado o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Na investigação do atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (ADNPM) e socioemocional (LSPB) das crianças foi utilizada a escala Survey of Well being of Young Children - (SWYC). O impacto do tipo de parto no crescimento, composição corporal, ADNPM e LSPB da criança foi analisado através das Equações de Estimação Generalizada (GEE). Resultados- Os resultados descritos nos artigos desta tese, foram: I) As médias de VGP e VGC não diferiram segundo o tipo de parto (p=0,672; p= 0,378). Observou-se maiores médias de VGP nas crianças de mães com maior escolaridade, do sexo masculino, que não foram amamentados e que apresentaram diarreia (p<0,005), e menores médias de VGP nas com menor peso ao nascer (p<0,005). As maiores médias de VGC foram observados nas crianças não amamentadas e naquelas com mães de maior estatura, e menores médias de VGC nas com menor comprimento ao nascer (p<0,005). II) o parto cesárea se associou positivamente com o percentual de massa de gordura corporal ao nascer (% MG) (p=0,015). Os nascidos de mães brancas e os indivíduos do sexo masculino demostraram menores médias de % MG ao nascer (p <0,005). Observou-se associação positiva do peso ao nascer com o IMC, ter diarreia no primeiro ano de vida demostrou associação inversa com o IMC (p <0,005). III) o tipo de parto não demostrou associação com o ADNPM e LSPB. A prevalência de ADNPM com um ano de vida foi de 17,1%, e a LSPB foi de 45,3%. Observou-se associação positiva entre o ADNPM e sexo feminino (p=0,031) e com as crianças que conviviam com algum membro da família que era tabagista (p=0,020). Foram observadas associações positivas entre sexo feminino (p=0,010), depressão materna (p=0,016) e insegurança alimentar (p=0,020) com a LSPB, e associação inversa entre leitura e a LSPB (p=0,019). Conclusões- Dessa forma entende-se que a gama de fatores que influencia o crescimento, composição corporal e o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor no primeiro ano de vida não se associa com a via de parto nessa população.


Introduction - The relationship between type of delivery, child growth, body composition and neuropsychomotor development has been studied in recent years, showing controversies regarding the relationship between type of delivery and the investigated outcomes. Objective - To investigate the relationship between cesarean delivery and growth, body composition and neuropsychomotor development of children up to one year of age. Specific objectives, described in the articles of this thesis, were: I) to relate the type of delivery with the child's growth in the first year of life; II) relate the type of delivery with the child's body composition in the first year of life; III) relate the type of delivery with the child's neuropsychomotor development in the first year of life. Methods - Children born at the Municipal Maternity Hospital were followed up to the first year of life, from the prospective cohort study Araraquara Cohort Study, under development in the city of Araraquara, SP. To assess growth, the Intergrowth curves were used at birth and, in the first year of the child's life, the weight gain rate (WGR) and length growth rate (LGR) were used. plethysmography, for the other age groups the body mass index (BMI) was used. In the investigation of the delay in the neuropsychomotor (ADNPM) and socio-emotional (LSPB) development of children, the Survey of Well being of Young Children - (SWYC) scale was used. The impact of the type of delivery on the child's growth, body composition, ADNPM and LSPB was analyzed using Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE). Results- the results described in the articles of this thesis were: I) The means of WGR and LGR did not differ according to the type of delivery (p=0.672; p=0.378). Higher means of WGR were observed in children of mothers with higher education, male, who were not breastfed and who had diarrhea (p<0.005), and lower means of WGR in those with lower birth weight (p<0.005). The highest LGR means were observed in non-breastfed children and in those with taller mothers, and the lowest LGR means were observed in those with shorter birth lengths (p<0.005). II) cesarean delivery was positively associated with the percentage of body fat mass at birth (% FM) (p=0.015). Those born to white mothers and males showed lower mean % FM at birth (p < 0.005). There was a positive association between birth weight and BMI, having diarrhea in the first year of life showed an inverse association with BMI (p <0.005). III) the type of delivery showed no association with ADNPM and LSPB. The prevalence of PMDN at one year of life was 17.1%, and LSPB was 45.3%. A positive association was observed between the ADNPM and female sex (p=0.031) and with children who lived with a family member who was a smoker (p=0.020). Positive associations were observed between female sex (p=0.010), maternal depression (p=0.016) and food insecurity (p=0.020) with LSPB, and an inverse association between reading and LSPB (p=0.019). Conclusion- Thus, it is understood that the range of factors that influence growth, body composition and neuropsychomotor development in the first year of life is not associated with the mode of delivery in this population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Body Composition , Child Development , Parturition , Growth and Development , Adiposity , Cesarean Section , Natural Childbirth
14.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 65(6): 811-820, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1349981

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of the hypertriglyceridemia-waist phenotype (HWP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with cardiometabolic risk factors (CR) in patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD). Materials and methods: The study is based on a cross-sectional design with 265 HD patients in two cities in northeastern Brazil. The VAI was calculated considering the variables body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). HWP was defined as the concomitant elevation of WC and TG. The Poisson Regression Model with robust variance estimation was adjusted considering a hierarchical approach for explanatory variables. Prevalence ratios (PR) were also estimated. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: In our study HWP and VAI prevalence's were 29.82% and 58.49%, respectively. In the final model, there was an association between VAI and female gender (PR = 1.46; p < 0.0001) and high body fat (% BF) (PR = 1.33; p < 0.0019). HWP was associated with females (PR = 1.80; p = 0.002), alcohol consumption (PR = 1.58; p = 0.033), obesity (PR = 1.89; p = 0.0001), high %BF (PR = 1.76; p = 0.012) and reduced HDL-c (PR = 1.48; p = 0.035). Conclusion: The HWP stood out as the association with more CR factors, representing a promising method for tracking cardiometabolic risk in HD patients, mainly female.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Triglycerides , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Adiposity , Waist Circumference , Heart Disease Risk Factors
15.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 97(6): 658-664, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350980

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between body adiposity and physical fitness with performance in the Supine-to-Stand test (STS-test) in sedentary adolescents. Methods: Sixty-two adolescents, of both sexes, between 10 and 16 years old, participated in the study. Body mass (BM), height, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), right and left handgrip strength (HGS-right, HGS-left), abdominal resistance (ABDO), flexibility (FLEX), and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), z-score BMI (BMI-z), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The STS-test was applied to evaluate the STS-MC by the movement patterns in the execution of the test. The STS-time in seconds (s) was categorized into terciles: fast (FG < 2.0 s), intermediate (IG = 2.0-2.6 s) and slow (SG > 2.6 s). One-way ANOVA, Chi-square, Spearman's correlation coefficient as well as non-parametric tests were used, with significance p 0.05. Results: The SG presented higher BMI, BMI-z, TMI, WHtR, FM, %FM, as well as lower averages for %FFM, HGS-right, HGS-left, FLEX, ABDO, VO2peak, VO2peak relative to BM (VO2peakBM) in relation to GF. The BMI, BMI-z, TMI, WC, WHtR and FM showed moderate and direct correlations with STS-time and inverse with STS-MC (p < 0.01). HGS-right, HGS-left, ABDO, and VO2peakBM showed moderate and an inverse correlation with STS-time (p < 0.05). The VO2peakBM was moderate and with direct correlations to STS-MC (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It is concluded that excess fat and low physical fitness hamper STS-test performance. Therefore, the STS-test can be used for screening students to assess MC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Hand Strength , Adiposity , Body Mass Index , Physical Fitness , Cross-Sectional Studies , Waist Circumference
16.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 21(4): 1129-1134, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360719

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the bone mass in prepubertal patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) according to height age (HA) and verify the influence of karyotype and adiposity. Methods: retrospective and analytical study of prepubertal TS patients. The variables analyzed were: karyotype, age at bone densitometry (BD), height, body mass index (BMI) and BD result. The result of the BD was corrected using HA. BMI and BD were calculated on Z score for chronological age (CA) and for HA. Results: thirty-seven prepubertal patients were selected and after exclusion criteria, 13 cases between 10 and 13 years old were included in the study. The BD for HA was significantly higher than for CA (0.39 ± 1.18 x −1.62 ± 1.32), without karyotype (p=0.369) and BMI (p=0.697) influence. Conclusion: prepubertal TS patients present normal BD when corrected for HA, without influence of karyotype and BMI.


Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a massa óssea de pacientes pré-púberes com Síndrome de Turner (ST) de acordo com a idade estatura (IE) e verificar a influência do cariótipo e da adiposidade. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo e analítico de pacientes pré-púberes com ST. As variáveis analisadas foram: cariótipo, idade na realização da densitometria óssea (DO); estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e resultado da DO. Realizou-se a correção do resultado da DO utilizando a IE. O IMC e a DO foram calculados em Z score para idade cronológica (IC) e para IE. Resultados: foram selecionadas 37 pacientes pré-púberes e após critério de exclusão foram incluídas no estudo 13 casos entre 10 e 13 anos de idade. A DO para IE foi significativamente maior que para IC (0,39 ± 1,18 × −1,62 ± 1,32), sem influência do cariótipo (p=0,369) e do IMC (p=0,697). Conclusão: pacientes pré-púberes com ST apresentam DO normal quando corrigida para IE, sem influência do cariótipo e do IMC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Turner Syndrome/diagnosis , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis , Body Mass Index , Stature by Age , Karyotype , Retrospective Studies , Densitometry/methods , Adiposity
17.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 26(11): 5661-5670, nov. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350462

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos diretos e indiretos da adiposidade e de fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida de adolescentes. Estudo transversal realizado com 635 adolescentes (10 a 16 anos), de escolas públicas da cidade de Montes Claros-MG. Coletaram-se dados antropométricos, de atividade física (AF), hábitos alimentares inadequados, imagem corporal e qualidade de vida (QV) dos adolescentes. Foi realizada a modelagem com equações estruturais. As variáveis tratadas como construto foram adiposidade e hábitos alimentares inadequados, as variáveis exploratórias foram AF e imagem corporal; a variável desfecho, QV. O efeito total da adiposidade mediada pela AF sobre a QV foi positivo e significativo (β=0,213; p<0,05), em contraste com o efeito total mediado pelos hábitos alimentares inadequados sobre a QV, que foi negativo e significativo (β=-0,150; p<0,05). O efeito direto da AF sobre a QV foi positivo e significativo (β=0,209; p<0,001). Não se observou efeitos relacionados à imagem corporal. Os efeitos da adiposidade tendem a melhorar a QV dos adolescentes, quando mediados pela prática de AF e a piorá-la, quando mediados pelos hábitos alimentares inadequados; os efeitos da AF tendem a melhorar a QV dos adolescentes.


Abstract This paper aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of adiposity and factors related to adolescents' quality of life. This is a cross-sectional study with 635 adolescents (10-16 years) from public schools in Montes Claros-MG, Brazil. Anthropometric data, physical activity (PA), inadequate dietary habits, body image, and quality of life (QoL) of adolescents were collected. A structural equation modeling was performed. The variables addressed as constructs were adiposity and inadequate dietary habits, the exploratory variables were PA and body image, and the outcome variable was QoL. The total effect of PA-mediated adiposity on QoL was positive and significant (β=0.213; p<0.05), in contrast to the total effect mediated by inadequate dietary habits on QoL, which was negative and significant (β=-0.150; p<0.05). The direct effect of PA on QoL was positive and significant (β=0.209; p<0.001). No body image-related effects were observed. The effects of adiposity on adolescents' QoL tend to improve when mediated by PA, and they worsen when mediated by inadequate dietary habits. The effects of PA tend to improve the QoL of adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Quality of Life , Adiposity , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obesity
18.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 40(3)sept. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408557

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Son escasos los estudios sobre acumulaciones excesivas de tejido adiposo y su asociación con cambios en indicadores bioquímicos estudiados durante el embarazo y el posparto. Objetivo: Determinar asociaciones de la vulnerabilidad cardiometabólica por adiposidad corporal con indicadores bioquímicos en el momento de la captación de la embarazada y el posparto. Métodos: Se realizó estudio observacional prospectivo de la vulnerabilidad cardiometabólica por adiposidad corporal e indicadores bioquímicos en 773 mujeres captadas como sanas de peso adecuado, de ellas 119 al posparto, en el policlínico Chiqui Gómez Lubián. Se estudiaron por grupo de vulnerabilidad cardiometabólica indicadores bioquímicos a la captación y el posparto. Se aplicó prueba estadística de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: Gestantes captadas con vulnerabilidad global por adiposidad general intermedia y central alta tuvieron valores medios más bajos del ácido úrico (238,78 mmol/L), más altos de triglicéridos (1,37 mmol/L), colesterol (4,70 mmol/L) y resistencia a la insulina (8,32). Mujeres con vulnerabilidad global por adiposidad general intermedia y central alta al posparto presentaron valores medios más elevados de triglicéridos (1,18 mmol/L) y lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (0,54 mmol/L), más bajos de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (1,06 mmol/L); mujeres con vulnerabilidad global extrema por adiposidad general y central alta, tuvieron valores medios más elevados: glicemia (4,90 mmol/L), colesterol (4,30 mmol/L), lipoproteínas de baja densidad (2,76 mmol/L), producto de acumulación de lípidos (42,63 mmol/L) e índice de adiposidad visceral (2,32 mmol/L). Conclusiones: Evaluar vulnerabilidad cardiometabólica por técnicas antropométricas, complementadas con indicadores bioquímicos, facilita orientar acciones preventivas sobre daños cardiometabólicos progresivos en la gestación y su posparto(AU)


Introduction: Few studies are available about excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and its association to changes in biochemical indicators in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Objective: Determine the association between cardiometabolic vulnerability due to body adiposity and biochemical indicators during recruitment of pregnant women and in the postpartum period. Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted of cardiometabolic vulnerability due to body adiposity and biochemical indicators in 773 women recruited as healthy and adequate weight, 119 of them in the postpartum period, at Chiqui Gómez Lubián polyclinic. Biochemical indicators were studied by cardiometabolic vulnerability group at recruitment and in the postpartum period. Statistical analysis was based on the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Pregnant women recruited with overall vulnerability due to high general intermediate and central adiposity had lower uric acid mean values (238.78 mmol/l), higher triglyceride mean values (1.37 mmol/l), cholesterol (4.70 mmol/l) and insulin resistance (8.32). Women with overall vulnerability due to high general intermediate and central adiposity in the postpartum period had higher triglyceride mean values (1.18 mmol/l), very low density lipoproteins (0.54 mmol/l), and lower high density lipoprotein mean values (1.06 mmol/l). Women with extreme overall vulnerability due to high general and central adiposity had higher mean values: glycemia (4.90 mmol/l), cholesterol (4.30 mmol/l), low density lipoproteins (2.76 mmol/l), lipid accumulation product (42.63 mmol/l) and visceral adiposity index (2.32 mmol/l). Conclusions: Evaluating cardiometabolic vulnerability using anthropometric techniques complemented with biochemical indicators, facilitates aiming preventive actions at progressive cardiometabolic damage during pregnancy and the postpartum period(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Triglycerides , Metabolic Syndrome , Adiposity , Lipid Accumulation Product , Lipoproteins, HDL , Biomarkers , Prospective Studies , Observational Study
19.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 71(3): 189-198, sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1353209

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación de valores de presión arterial (PA) con parámetros de adiposidad y nivel de actividad física (NAF) en escolares y adolescentes en la región de la Araucanía en Chile. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional que consideró una muestra de 1.125 niños, niñas y adolescentes de 6 a 13 años. Se analizaron parámetros de adiposidad: índice de masa corporal, perímetro de cintura y del brazo, pliegue bicipital, tricipital, subescapular y suprailíaco y porcentaje de masa grasa, PA sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) y NAF. Resultados. 60,4% de la muestra esta normotenso; 23,6% pre HTA y 16,0% HTA, sin asociación significativa entre la PA con el sexo (p>0,05). Se encontró para el total de la muestra una correlación significativa entre la PAS con todos los parámetros de adiposidad estudiados (p<0,001; p<0,050). Para la PAD solo el grupo de 6 a 8 años presentó asociación significativa con todos estos parámetros (p<0,001; p<0,050). El NAF se asoció con la clasificación de la PA. Esta asociación tuvo significancia estadística en el grupo de 6 a 8 años (p<0,05). Conclusiones. Se evidencia una elevada frecuencia de PA alta en escolares de una región de Chile. Se identifican asociaciones significativas entre la PA con algunas medidas de adiposidad corporal y el NAF en la muestra de estudio. Esta información puede ser de gran importancia para la predicción de la hipertensión en la infancia en el contexto de atención primaria en salud(AU)


The objective of the study was to determine the association of blood pressure (BP) values with parameters of adiposity and level of physical activity (NAF) in schoolchildren and adolescents in the Araucanía region of Chile. Materials and methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study that considered a sample of 1.125 subjects, boys and girls between 6 and 13 years old. Adiposity parameters were analyzed: body mass index, waist and arm circumference, bicipital, tricipital, subscapular and suprailiac fold and% fat mass. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) and NAF were also analyzed. Results. 60.4% of the sample is normotensive; 23.6% preHTA and 16.0% HT, without significant association between BP and sex (p> 0.05). For the entire sample, there is a significant correlation between SBP and all the adiposity parameters studied (p <0.001; p <0.050). For DBP, only the 6 to 8-year-old group presented a significant association with all these parameters (p <0.001; p <0.050). The NAF was associated with the PA classification. This association is statistically significant in the 6 to 8-year-old group (p <0.050). Conclusions. A high frequency of high BP is evidenced in schoolchildren from a region of Chile. Significant associations were identified between BP with some measures of body adiposity and NAF in the study sample. This information can be of great importance for the prediction of hypertension in childhood in the context of primary health care(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Body Mass Index , Arterial Pressure , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Exercise , Anthropometry , Adiposity , Waist-Height Ratio
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